(307) 215-9626
Resources
Downloads
Web Links
Role of SLP
in FEES
ASHA's website (for SLPs)
Dr. Langmore (founder of FEES) website
Need for FEES &
FEES vs Bedside Screen
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Gerrie JJW, et al. Bedside screening tests vs. videofluoroscopy or fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing to detect dysphagia in patients with neurological disorders: systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing. Oct 2008; 477-493.
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Leder, S.B., Espinosa, M.S. Aspiration risk after acute stroke: comparison of clinical examination and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Dysphagia. 2002; 17:214-218.
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Leder, S. B., & Warner, H. L. (2018). Comparing Simultaneous Clinical Swallow Evaluations and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluations of Swallowing: Changing Practice Patterns. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups, 3(13), 124–132. doi: 10.1044/persp3.sig13.124.
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Smith, CH, et al. Incidence and patient characteristics associated with silent aspiration in the acute care setting. Dysphagia. 1999; 14: 1-7.
Smithard, D.G., O’Neill, P.A., Park, C., et al. Can bedside assessment reliably exclude aspiration following acute stroke? Age and Ageing. 1998;27i(2), 99-106.
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Takahashi, N, et al. Videoendoscopic assessment of swallowing function to predict the future incidence of pneumonia of the elderly. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 2012; 39; 429-437.
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Warnecke, T., et al. Fiberoptic endoscopic dysphagia severity scale predicts outcome after acute stroke. Cerebrovascular Disease. July 2009;28(3):283-9
About FEES Procedure,
Scope of Practice
Langmore SE, Schatz, K, Olsen, N. Fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing safety: A new procedure. Dysphagia. December 1988, Volume 2, Issue 4, pp 216–219.
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Langmore SE. History of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing for Evaluation and Management of Pharyngeal Dysphagia: Changes over the Years. Dysphagia. 2017 Feb;32(1):27-38.
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​The Role of the Speech-Language Pathologist in the Performance and Interpretation of Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing: Position Statement. (2005). doi: 10.1044/policy.ps2005-00112
Safety of FEES
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Aviv JE, et al. The safety of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing (FEESST): an analysis of 500 consecutive evaluations. Dysphagia. 2000;15(1):39-44.
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Aviv, JE, et al. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing: patient characteristics and analysis of safety in 1340 consecutive examinations. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology. 2005;114:173-176.
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Dziewas, R., et al. Safety and Clinical Impact of FEES – Results of the FEES-Registry. Neurological Research and Practice, 1(16). 2019. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-019-0021-5
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Nacci A, et al. Complications with Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing in 2,820 Examinations. ENT, Audiology and Phoniatrics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Pisa, Italy. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2016;68(1):37-45. doi: 10.1159/000446985. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Warnecke, T., et al. The safety of fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in acute stroke patients. Retrieved July 18, 2009 from www.stroke.ahajournals.org.
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Willging JP. Endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in children. Int J Pediatric Otorhinolaryngjol. 1995; 32(Suppl):S107-8.
FEES vs MBS
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Aviv, J.E. Prospective, randomized outcome study of endoscopy vs. modified barium swallow in patients with dysphagia. Laryngoscope. 2000; 100, 563-574.
Bastian R. Video endoscopic evaluation of patients with dysphagia: an adjunct to the modified barium swallow. Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; 1991. 104(3):339-50.
Kelly AM, Drinnan MJ, Leslie P. Assessing penetration and aspiration: how do videofluoroscopy and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing compare? Laryngoscope. 2007;117(10):1723-7.
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Mu, CH, et al. Evaluation of swallowing safety with fiberoptic endoscope: Comparison with video fluoroscopic technique. Laryngoscope. 1997;107, 396-401.
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Rao N, et al. Gold-standard? Analysis of the videofluoroscopic and fiberoptic endoscopic swallow examinations. Jj Appl Res. 2003; 3:89-96
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Smith CH, et al. Incidence and patient characteristics associated with silent aspiration in the acute care setting. Dysphagia. 1999;14(1):1-7.
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Wu, C.H., et al. Evaluation of swallowing safety with fiberoptic endoscope: Comparison with video fluoroscopic technique. Laryngoscope. 1997; 107, 396-401.
Patient Comfort and Anesthesia
Kamarunas, EE, et al. Effects of topical nasal anesthetic on fiberoptic endoscopic examination of swallowing with sensory testing. Dysphagia. July 2013.
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Lester, S. et al. The effects of topical anesthetic on swallowing during nasoendoscopy. Laryngoscope. July 2013; 123(7):1704-8.
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Leder, SB, et al. A prospective, double-blind, randomized study on the use of a topical anesthetic, vasoconstrictor, and placebo during transnasal flexible fiberoptic endoscopy. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 1997;40:1352-1357.
O’Dea, Merideth B. et al., Effect of Lidocaine on Swallowing During FEES in Patients With Dysphagia. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 2015; Vol. 124(7) 537–544
​Singh, V., Brockbank, M.J., Todd, G.B. Flexible transnasal endoscopy: is local anesthetic necessary? Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 1997;111:616-618
Specific Populations
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Hartnick, C. J., Miller, C., Hartley, B. E., & Willging, J. P. (2000). Pediatric fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 109(11), 996–999.
Leder, S.B. & Sasaki, C.T. (2001). Use of FEES to assess and manage patients with head and neck cancer. In Langmore, S.E., editor. Endoscopic evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders. New York: Thieme; 201-212.
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Matthews, C. T., & Coyle, J. L. (2010). Reducing Pneumonia Risk Factors in Patients with Dysphagia Who Have A Tracheotomy: What Role Can SLPs Play? The ASHA Leader, 15(6). doi: 10.1044/leader.ftr4.15062010.np.
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Reynolds, J. (2020). When a Child Needs an Instrumental Swallowing Assessment. The ASHA Leader, 25(1), 40–42. doi: 10.1044/leader.otp.25012020.40.
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Suterwala, M. S., Reynolds, J., Carroll, S., Sturdivant, C., & Armstrong, E. S. (2017). Using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing to detect laryngeal penetration and aspiration in infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Perinatology, 37(4), 404–408. doi:10.1038/jp.2016.239
Willette, S., Molinaro, L. H., Thompson, D. M., & Schroeder, J. W. Jr. (2016). Fiberoptic examination of swallowing in the breastfeeding infant. Laryngoscope, 126(7), 1681–1686.
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Willging, J. P. (1995). Endoscopic evaluation of swallowing in children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, (32), S107–S108.